VI 模式

Introduction

Kate's VI mode is a project to bring Vim-like, modal editing to the Kate text editor and by extension to other KDE programs who share the same editor component. The project started as a Google Summer of Code project in 2008 – where all the basic functionality was written. I have continued to maintain and further develop this code and the number of missing features from Vim are slowly decreasing. Most Vim users will already be productive in Kate's VI mode. A list of what's missing is found at the bottom of the page.

This page is meant to be an updated overview of this work.

To enable the VI input mode, go to
Settings → Configure Kate… → Editing → VI Input Mode.
It can also be toggled with the "VI Input Mode" setting in the "Edit" menu. (The default shortcut key is Meta+Ctrl+V – where Meta usually is the Windows key).

目標

VI 模式的目標_不是_要完全替代 Vim 或是支援 Vim 的_所有_功能。它的目標是讓 Vim 的文字編輯邏輯 - 和您所學到的 Vim 習慣 - 能夠用於將 Kate 作為內部編輯器的程式。這些程式包含

Kate 文字編輯器本身
KWrite – KDE 的簡潔文字編輯器
KDevelop – 一個許多程式語言用的進階 IDE
Kile – LaTeX 編輯器

VI 模式希望與這些程式乾淨地整合，並在合理的時候會與 Vim 的行為不同。舉例來說，Kate 的 VI 模式中 :w 會開啟儲存對話框。

與 Vim 不相容之處

除了缺乏的東西以外，Kate 的 VI 模式只有幾個功能與 Vim 不相容。以下為不相容功能的列表，以及不相容的原因。

Kate: U 和 Ctrl+r 是重做
Vim: Ctrl+r 是普通重做，U 則是用來重做一行中所有最新的變更
在 Kate 的 VI 模式讓 U 進行普通重做的原因是因為 ctrl+r 預設被 Kate 的取代（搜尋與取代）功能所使用。VI 模式預設不會覆寫 Kate 的快捷鍵（這可以在_設定 → 設定 Kate… → 編輯 → Vi 輸入模式_進行設定），所以需要有一個普通按鍵來觸發重做的動作。另外，Vim 當中 U 命令的行為在 Kate 內部的復原系統中沒有很好的對應，所以要支援該功能也會非常難。
Kate: :print shows the "print" dialogue
Vim: :print prints the lines of the given range like its grandfather ed Commands like :print are available not only in the VI mode but for users using “regular” Kate, too – I have therefore chosen to let the :print command open the print dialogue – following the principle of least surprise instead of mimicking Vim's behaviour.
Kate: Y yanks to end of line.
Vim: Y yanks whole line, just like yy. VI's behaviour for the Y command is in practice a bug; For both change and delete commands, cc/dd will do its action on the current line and C/D will work from the cursor column to the end of the line. However, both yy and Y yanks the current line.In Kate's VI Mode Y will yank to the end of the line. This is described as "more logical" in the Vim documentation.
Kate: :map alters the selected lines of the document using the provided JavaScript expression.
Vim: :map adds the provided mapping to Normal and Visual modes. The "map" command was already reserved by Kate; in 4.12+, you can use a combination of :nmap and :vmap to replace it.

支援的命令

Supported normal/visual mode commands

按鍵	描述
a	Enter Insert Mode and append
A	Enter Insert Mode and append to EOL
i	Enter Insert Mode
I	Insert before first non-blank char in line
v	Enter Visual Mode
V	Enter Visual Line Mode
<c-v>	Enter Visual Block Mode
gv	Re-select Visual
o	Open new line under
O	Open new line over
J	Join lines
c	Change
C	Change to EOL
cc	Change line
s	Substitute char
S	Substitute line
dd	Delete line
d	Delete
D	Delete to EOL
x	Delete char
X	Delete char backward
gu	Make lowercase
guu	Make lowercase line
gU	Make uppercase
gUU	Make uppercase line
y	複製 (yank)
yy	複製整行
Y	複製到行尾
p	貼上
P	在前面貼上
r.	取代字元
R	進入取代模式
:	切換至命令列
/	搜尋
u	復原
<c-r>	重做
U	重做
m.	Set mark
>>	縮排目前的行
<<	取消縮排目前的行
>	縮排多行
<	取消縮排多行
<c-f>	往下捲動一頁
<pagedown>	往下捲動一頁
<c-b>	往上捲動一頁
<pageup>	往上捲動一頁
<c-u>	往上捲動半頁
<c-d>	往下捲動半頁
zz	將檢視置中於游標
ga	顯示字元碼
.	重複進行上次變更
==	對齊目前的行
=	對齊多行
~	改變大小寫
<c-a>	讓數字增加
<c-x>	讓數字減少
<c-o>	跳到上次跳走的地方
<c-i>	跳到下次跳走的地方
<c-w>h	切換到左邊的檢視
<c-w><c-h>	切換到左邊的檢視
<c-w><left>	切換到左邊的檢視
<c-w>j	切換到下面的檢視
<c-w><c-j>	切換到下面的檢視
<c-w><down>	切換到下面的檢視
<c-w>k	切換到上面的檢視
<c-w><c-k>	切換到上面的檢視
<c-w><up>	切換到上面的檢視
<c-w>l	切換到右邊的檢視
<c-w><c-l>	切換到右邊的檢視
<c-w><right>	切換到右邊的檢視
<c-w>w	Switch to next view
<c-w><c-w>	Switch to next view
<c-w>s	Split horizontally
<c-w>S	Split horizontally
<c-w><c-s>	Split horizontally
<c-w>v	Split vertically
<c-w><c-v>	Split vertically
gt	Switch to next tab
gT	Switch to prev tab
gqq	Format line
gq	Format lines
q. / q	Begin/ finish recording macro using the named macro register.

Supported motions

按鍵	描述
h	Left
<left>	Left
<backspace>	Left
j	Down
<down>	Down
<enter>	Down to first non blank
k	Up
<up>	Up
–	Up to first non blank
l	Right
<right>	Right
<space>	Right
$	To EOL
<end>	To EOL
	To 0 column
<home>	To 0 column
^	To first character of line
f.	Find char
F.	Find char backward
t.	To char
T.	To char backward
;	Repeat last t. or f. command
,	Repeat last t. or f. command
n	Find next
N	Find prev
gg	To first line
G	To last line
w	Word forward
W	WORD forward
b	Word backward
B	WORD backward
e	To end of word
E	To end of WORD
ge	To end of prev word
gE	To end of prev WORD

%	To matching item
`[a-zA-Z><]	To mark
'[a-zA-Z><]	To mark line
[[	To previous brace block start
]]	To next brace block start
[]	To previous brace block end
][	To next brace block end
*	To next occurrence of word under cursor
#	To prev occurrence of word under cursor
H	To first line of window
M	To middle line of window
L	To last line of window
gj	To next visual line
gk	To prev visual line

Supported text objects

按鍵	描述
iw	Inner word
aw	A word
iW	Inner WORD
aW	A WORD
i"	Inner double quote
a"	A double quote
i’	Inner single quote
a’	A single quote
i`	Inner back quote
a`	A back quote
ib	Inner paren
i)	Inner paren
i(	Inner paren
ab	A paren
a)	A paren
a(	A paren
iB	Inner curly bracket
o}	Inner curly bracket
i{	Inner curly bracket
aB	A curly bracket
a}	A curly bracket
a{	A curly bracket
i<	Inner inequality sign
i>	Inner inequality sign
a<	A inequality sign
a>	A inequality sign
i[	Inner bracket
I]	Inner bracket
a[	A bracket
a]	A bracket
i,	Inner comma
a,	A comma

Supported insert mode commands

按鍵	描述
<c-d>	Unindent
<c-t>	Indent
<c-e>	Insert from below
<c-y>	Insert from above
<c-w>	Delete word
<c-r>.	Insert content of register
<c-o>	Switch to normal mode for one command
<c-a>	Increase number under cursor
<c-x>	Decrease number under cursor

The Comma Text Object

This is something that I have been missing in Vim. The comma text object makes it easy to modify parameter lists in C-like languages and other comma separated lists. It is basically the area between two commas or between a comma and a bracket. In the line shown in the illustration to the right, the three ranges this text object can span are highlighted in red.

Comma text object ranges. If the cursor is over, say, “arg2”, pressing c i , (“change inner comma”) would delete “double arg2” and place the cursor between the two commas in insert mode. A very convenient way to change a function's parameters.

Emulated Vim Command Bar

Kate 4.11 introduced a hidden config option that make /, ? and : bring up a new search/ command in place of the usual Kate Find / Replace / Command-line bar. The bar is intended to replicate many of the features of Vim's command bar, and also to fix many of the issues with Kate Vim mode's interaction with Kate's Find/Replace bar (interactive replace not working; incremental search not positioning the cursor correctly; not usable in mappings/macros; etc).

The following shortcuts are provided by the emulated command bar; as with Vim, these can be remapped with cmap, cnoremap, etc:

按鍵	描述
<c-r>.	insert contents of register.
<c-r><c-w>	Insert word under the (document) cursor.
<c-p>	Invoke context-specific completion (see below) move back/ up in the completion list.
<c-p>	Move forward/ down in the completion list.
<c-space>	Kate Vim Extension. Auto-complete word from document.
<c-d>	Kate Vim Extension. In a sed-replace expression (i.e. s/find/replace/[g][c][i]), clear the "find" term and place the cursor there.
<c-f>	Kate Vim Extension. In a sed-replace expression (i.e. s/find/replace/[g][c][i]), clear the “replace” term and place the cursor there.
<c-g>.	Kate Vim Extension. As with ., insert the content of the named register, but escape it in such a way that when used with a search, we search for the literal content of the register; not the content of the register interpreted as a regex.

The "context-specific completion" is decided as follows:

In a search bar (/ or ?), auto-complete from search history (which includes searches initiated via *; and #; searches done in sed-replace expressions; etc.)
In an empty command bar (:), auto-complete from command history (NB: auto-completion of command names is invoked automatically when you begin typing).
In a command-bar containing a sed-replace expression (e.g. :s/find/replace/gc), if the cursor is positioned over "find", auto-complete from the "search" history; if over the "replace", auto-complete from the history of "replace" terms.

When executing a sed-replace expression in the command bar with the "c" flag (e.g. s/find/replace/gc), a Vim-style interactive search/replace expression will be initiated.

Some example usages of the emulated command bar, with GIF animations, are given in this blog. In 4.11, the emulated command bar can be enabled by setting the hidden config option "Vi Input Mode Emulate Command Bar" to true in your katerc/kwriterc/kdeveloprc.

缺乏功能

As stated earlier, the goal of Kate's VI Mode is not to support 100% of Vim's features, however, there are some features which are sorely missed

Visual block mode – especially the ability to prepend/append text to the visual block selection.
Having ex commands available in other programs than the Kate application.
The search code needs improvement and the * and # commands should just be regular searches.

If you miss other features or want to help on the ones mentioned above, feel free to contact me or send patches! :-)

變更紀錄

2010-05-16:
初始版本。把部落格文章跟各 README 檔案的資訊整理在一起，把最新資訊整理在同一個來源裡。
2010-05-17:
加入了 Ctrl+A 和 Ctrl+X（將游標下的數字增加/減少）
2010-08-30:
把網頁移到 kate-editor.org.
2010-09-10:
修正逗號文字物件的文本，並修正一些格式
2021-02-03:
將按鍵綁定表轉換成 Hugo 用的 Markdown。